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Reference

Morse Code Alphabet Chart

All 26 letters of the international morse code alphabet, in A–Z order, with their dot-dash codes and playback audio. The definitive printable reference for learners and teachers.

A.-

A-lone — short then long, like a knock at the door

B-...

BIG splash — one long crash, four short ripples

C-.-.

CAR-goes — da-di-da-dit, a sputtering engine

D-..

DOWN-town — one long stride, two short steps

E.

E is everything — just one dot, the most-used letter

F..-.

FUN-da-men-tal — light-light-long-light

G--.

GO-away — two dashes shove one dot out the door

H....

HURRY up — four dots, nothing but hustle

I..

I is two dots — short, quick, done

J.---

Just one dot, three dashes — short then long long long

K-.-

Key unlocks — long-short-long, balanced

L.-..

LaLa-la-la — di-dah-di-dit, a simple tune

M--

MuM — two long hugs

N-.

No — one firm shake, one short nod

O---

Oh Oh Oh — three long sighs

P.--.

PIANO keys — short-long-long-short, the middle bends

Q--.-

QUEen rules — two longs, one short, one long

R.-.

RaGe — short-long-short, quick punch

S...

S-S-S — three short hisses

T-

T is one dash — the second most-used letter, just one long

U..-

UH-uh-OH — two shorts then the long reveal

V...-

V for Victory — three quick dots, one triumphant dash

W.--

Win! — short-long-long, building to a cheer

X-..-

X marks it — long-short-short-long, a crossing

Y-.--

YES! — long-short-long-long, emphasis everywhere

Z--..

ZZzz — two longs, two shorts, fading to sleep

Why alphabetical order matters for beginners

Most experienced operators learn morse in Koch order — a sequence optimized for sound-recognition, not alphabetical logic. Koch order starts with K and M because they contrast sharply by ear and builds from there. For received learning, Koch order is faster.

But alphabetical order has its own value for beginners. When you need to look up a letter mid-copy, you search A-to-Z automatically — the same way you look up a word in a dictionary. An A-to-Z chart is a lookup tool; Koch order is a training sequence. You need both. Use this chart on your wall or desk as the lookup reference and use the Koch method guide for your actual training sessions. The two approaches are complementary, not competing.

How to read this chart

Each card shows the letter, its morse code in dots and dashes, and a mnemonic to help you remember the pattern. A dot is a short signal (one unit); a dash is a long signal (three units). The gap between elements within a letter is one unit; between letters is three units; between words is seven units.

The ▶ button plays the letter at 15 WPM using the standard 800 Hz tone. Click it to hear how the pattern sounds rather than reading it visually — that sound-to-letter connection is what you need to build first.

When you tap ▶ and hear “di-dah,” say the sound aloud: “A — di-dah.” Do not say “dot dash.” The di-dah pronunciation is the actual signal rhythm, and memorizing the sound is the only path to fast copy.

Printable versions

This chart prints cleanly from your browser (Ctrl+P / Cmd+P). Select “Background graphics” in the print dialog to keep the card styling. Switch to Light Mode before printing for an ink-friendly white background.

The $4.99 PDF pack includes a high-resolution version of this chart formatted for A4, US Letter, and A3 poster sizes — ideal for classroom walls, scout troop meeting rooms, and ham radio shacks. Royalty-free for educational use.

Related references

Frequently asked questions

Is this chart the same as the ITU standard?

Yes. Every letter code on this chart matches the ITU-R M.1677-1 international morse standard. The mnemonic sentences are Morsify originals designed to help with memorization, but the dot-dash patterns themselves are the official standard used by amateur radio operators worldwide.

Why is E just one dot and T just one dash?

Because E and T are the two most common letters in English. The original morse code system (developed by Alfred Vail working with Samuel Morse in the 1830s) assigned the shortest codes to the most frequent letters to minimize total transmission time. Vail reportedly visited a print shop and counted the type drawers to determine letter frequency — a remarkably modern information-theoretic insight made without any formal theory.

Should I learn the chart before I learn to listen?

No. Reading the chart before training your ear is the single most common beginner mistake. It builds a visual-translation habit — you see a dot, you think 'dot', you search for 'dot-dash equals A' — that adds a slow mental step that never fully goes away. Instead, look at the chart, say the sound aloud, then immediately click ▶ to hear it. The goal is to hear 'di-dah' and think 'A' without any intermediate step.